7.0 The Path towards Strengthened Safeguards: Verification Challenges of the 90's

Conversations with Jacques Baute, Rich Hooper, and
Dmitri Perricos

Vienna, Austria · December 2009

7.1 Introduction (7:30)

Subtopics: History, development of safeguards

7.2 Issue Background; The Creation of Programme 93+2 (4:55)

Subtopics: SAGSI, Development of safeguards, Additional Protocol

7.3 Experiences in Iraq, South Africa and DPRK (4:26)

Subtopics: History, Key nonproliferation challenges, Tuwaitha nuclear facility

7.4 Iraq (5:01)

Subtopics: Iraqi Inspections

7.5 First UNSCR 687 inspection in Iraq (11:35)

Subtopics: Iraqi Nuclear complex, Inadequate access to information

7.6 2nd Inspection in Iraq (1:42)

Subtopics: Calutrons

7.7 3rd Inspection in Iraq (2:16)

Subtopics: Iraqi Nuclear Complex, Enrichment, Expanded declarations of information

7.8 Contrasting IAEA Action Team Inspections in Iraq with Safeguards (9:37)

Subtopics: Development of Additional Safeguards, Access to information, Monitoring and Verification, Correctness vs. Completeness

7.9 Implementing Verification under UNSCR 687 (6:29)

Subtopics: Expansion of verification to include completeness, nondiversion, undeclared activities

7.10 Importance of 3rd Party Information in Iraq (4:40)

Subtopics: National technical means, Iraqi Weapons Development Document

7.11 Verifying Iraq’s Declaration (4:59)

Subtopics: Environmental Sampling, Verification of completeness

7.12 Access to Individuals (11:40)

Subtopics: Iraqi Weapons Complex, Expanded access to individuals for verification

7.13 Handling Massive Volumes of Information (4:09)

Subtopics: Data analysis, Need for integrated information system

7.14 Satellite Imagery (6:05)

Subtopics: Advantages of Satellite Imagery, Verification of completeness

7.15 Iraq and Illicit Procurement (7:53)

Subtopics: Export controls, 3rd party participation

7.16 Drawing Conclusions (3:35)

Subtopics: Development of the “Coherent Picture,” Ongoing Monitoring and Verification

7.17 DPRK (8:23)

Subtopics: Advanced technical capability of IAEA, Special inspections

7.18 Hexapartite Safeguards for Enrichment Plants (2:36)

Subtopics: Negotiating Access

7.19 DPRK (1:25)

Subtopics: Special inspections

7.20 South Africa (25:07)

Subtopics: Verifying South African disarmament, Completeness vs. Correctness, Inventory accountancy, Constructing a nuclear history, importance of transparency

7.21 Estimating HEU Production in South Africa (4:35)

Subtopics: Cooperation, Enrichment,

7.22 Leading to Strengthened Safeguards, Part 1 (5:55)

Subtopics: Estimation of production

7.23 Information Credibility (20:43)

Subtopics: Programme 93+2, Environmental Sampling, Rights to information

7.24 Leading to Strengthened Safeguards, Part 2 (9:58)

Subtopics: Strengthening safeguards

7.25 Programme 93 + 2 (2:24)

Subtopics: Strengthening safeguards

7.26 Concluding remarks (30:27)

Subtopics: Transparency, Completeness, Material accountancy, Environmental Sampling, Special inspections, Additional Protocol

Video transcripts in text form are in Document Library

7.0 The Path towards Strengthened Safeguards: Verification Challenges of the 90's

Conversations with Jacques Baute, Rich Hooper, and
Dmitri Perricos

7.1 Introduction (7:30)

7.2 Issue Background; The Creation of Programme 93+2 (4:55)

7.3 Experiences in Iraq, South Africa and DPRK (4:26)

7.4 Iraq (5:01)

7.5 First UNSCR 687 inspection in Iraq (11:35)

7.6 2nd Inspection in Iraq (1:42)

7.7 3rd Inspection in Iraq (2:16)

7.8 Contrasting IAEA Action Team Inspections in Iraq with Safeguards (9:37)

7.9 Implementing Verification under UNSCR 687 (6:29)

7.10 Importance of 3rd Party Information in Iraq (4:40)

7.11 Verifying Iraq’s Declaration (4:59)

7.12 Access to Individuals (11:40)

7.13 Handling Massive Volumes of Information (4:09)

7.14 Satellite Imagery (6:05)

7.15 Iraq and Illicit Procurement (7:53)

7.16 Drawing Conclusions (3:35)

7.17 DPRK (8:23)

7.18 Hexapartite Safeguards for Enrichment Plants (2:36)

7.19 DPRK (1:25)

7.20 South Africa (25:07)

7.21 Estimating HEU Production in South Africa (4:35)

7.22 Leading to Strengthened Safeguards, Part 1 (5:55)

7.23 Information Credibility (20:43)

7.24 Leading to Strengthened Safeguards, Part 2 (9:58)

7.25 Programme 93 + 2 (2:24)

7.26 Concluding remarks (30:27)

Foundations of International Safeguards

Prepared by PNNL

For the:

With Support from:

7.0 The Path towards Strengthened Safeguards: Verification Challenges of the 90's

Conversations with Jacques Baute, Rich Hooper, and Dmitri Perricos

7.1 Introduction (7:30)

7.2 Issue Background; The Creation of Programme 93+2 (4:55)

7.3 Experiences in Iraq, South Africa and DPRK (4:26)

7.4 Iraq (5:01)

7.5 First UNSCR 687 inspection in Iraq (11:35)

7.6 2nd Inspection in Iraq (1:42)

7.7 3rd Inspection in Iraq (2:16)

7.8 Contrasting IAEA Action Team Inspections in Iraq with Safeguards (9:37)

7.9 Implementing Verification under UNSCR 687 (6:29)

7.10 Importance of 3rd Party Information in Iraq (4:40)

7.11 Verifying Iraq’s Declaration (4:59)

7.12 Access to Individuals (11:40)

7.13 Handling Massive Volumes of Information (4:09)

7.14 Satellite Imagery (6:05)

7.15 Iraq and Illicit Procurement (7:53)

7.16 Drawing Conclusions (3:35)

7.17 DPRK (8:23)

7.18 Hexapartite Safeguards for Enrichment Plants (2:36)

7.19 DPRK (1:25)

7.20 South Africa (25:07)

7.21 Estimating HEU Production in South Africa (4:35)

7.22 Leading to Strengthened Safeguards, Part 1 (5:55)

7.23 Information Credibility (20:43)

7.24 Leading to Strengthened Safeguards, Part 2 (9:58)

7.25 Programme 93 + 2 (2:24)

7.26 Concluding remarks (30:27)

Foundations of International Safeguards

Prepared by PNNL

For the:

With Support from:

Conversations with Jacques Baute, Rich Hooper, and
Dmitri Perricos