4.0 A Retrospective of INFCIRCs 153 and 540

With Myron Kratzer, Rich Hooper, and Ambassador Norm Wulf

Santa Fe, NM · October 2005

4.1 Introductions (4:14)

Subtopics: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Nobel Peace Prize award

4.2 Origins of INFCIRC/153 (6:34)

Subtopics: Early safeguards; materials accountability; inspector access; negotiation of INFCIRC/153

4.3 Origins of INFCIRC/540 (14:26)

Subtopics: Programme 93+2; Part 1 and Part 2 measures; intent vs. practice; small quantities protocol; pace of INFCIRC/540 implementation; Committee 24

4.4 NPT Negotiating History (6:56)

Subtopics: IAEA safeguards as established by the NPT; Euratom; NPT Article III; Committee 22; independent verification; INFCIRC/153, Para. 7

4.5 INFCIRCs 66 & 153 (4:30)

Subtopics: INFCIRC/26; origin of the Agency safeguards system

4.6 The Evolution of Safeguards (8:22)

Subtopics: Safeguards implementation; South Africa; use of third party information; Iraq; North Korea

4.7 Timely Detection & Significant Quantities (10:35)

Subtopics: Definitions; Standing Advisory Committee on Safeguards Implementation (SAGSI); undeclared activities with small quantities of nuclear material

4.8 North Korea's Nuclear Program (7:24)

Subtopics: Plutonium discoveries; 1994 Agreed Framework; timely detection and significant quantities; IAEA use of third party information

4.9 IAEA Use of Third Party Information (1:52)

Subtopics: North Korea; independent confirmation and safeguards conclusions

4.10 The Inquisitive Inspector (9:04)

Subtopics: Information gathering and transmission; inspector training; state level approach

4.11 Access to Locations (12:55)

Subtopics: Undeclared activities; use of open source information; assuring the absence of undeclared activities; Agency requests for access; Iran; safeguards obligations of States